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The term Gujarati Muslims ((グジャラート語:ગુજરાતી મુસલમાનો),(ウルドゥー語:گجراتی مسلمان)) is usually used to signify an Indian Muslim from the state of Gujarat in North-western coast of India, who speaks the Gujarati language as a mother-tongue. Gujarati Muslims are very prominent in industry and medium-sized businesses, and there is a very large Gujarati Muslim community in Mumbai. Many members of this community migrated to Pakistan in 1947 and have settled in Sindh province especially in Karachi, contributing to the national welfare and economy of Pakistan. Having earned a formidable accolade as some of India's greatest seafaring merchants, the centuries-old Gujarati diaspora is found scattered throughout the ''Near East, Indian Ocean, and Southern Hemisphere'' regions everywhere in between Africa and Japan with a notable presence in:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.verbix.com/maps/language/Gujarati.html )〕 Hong Kong, Britain, Portugal, Réunion, Dubai, Oman, Yemen, Mozambique, Aden, Zanzibar, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Myanmar, Madagascar, Mauritius, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and East and Southern Africa, comprising historically a movement of free immigrants than contractual labours. According to the 2001 Census of India, the Gujarati Muslim population was 4,592,854, which is 9.064% of the total population of the state, however significant numbers of Gujarati Muslims are found within the larger context of the Gujarati diaspora that became established throughout all the inhabited continents of the world. Most Gujarati Muslims have Gujarati language as their mother tongue, but some communities such as the Momin Ansari, Kabuli Pathans,〔Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Gujarat Population: Musalmans and Parsis, Volume IX pages 13 to 14 Government Central Press, Bombay〕 Gujarati Shaikh,〔http://www.unescoparzor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=60〕 Arabs of Surat,〔People of India Gujarat Volume XXII Part One Editors R. B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan and M Azeez Mohideen pages 74 to 77〕 and others, have Urdu as their mother tongue.〔name="Indian Census 2001 - Religion" (Indian Census 2001 - Religion )〕 The Gujarati Muslims are further sub-divided into groups, such as the Ismāʿīlī, Khoja, Dawoodi Bohra, Surti, Memon, Sunni Vohra/Bohra, Ghanchi and Chhipa each with their own customs and traditions. Famous Gujarati Muslims include South African cricketer Hashim Amla, Badruddin Tyabji, a Congress president and Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan. == History == Located in the westernmost portion of India, Gujarat includes the region of Kutch, Saurashtra, and the territories between the rivers Banas and Damanganga. Islam came early to Gujarat, with immigrant communities of Arab trading communities settling on the western seacoast of India as early as the 8th Century A.D, spreading Islam as soon as the religion gained a foothold in the Arabian peninsula. They were later joined by Persian traders from Greater Iran. Many of these early merchants were Ismaili Shia, both Mustaali and Nizari. They laid the foundation of the Bohra and Khoja communities. Gujarat at this time was ruled by the Valabhi dynasty. In the thirteenth century, the last Hindu ruler Karna, was defeated by Alauddin Khilji, the Turkic Sultan of Dehli. This episode ushered a period of five centuries of Muslim Turkic and Mughal rule, leading to a conversion of a number of Hindu Gujarati people to Islam, and the creation of new communities such as the Molesalam and Miyana communities. In the sixteenth century, the Memon community immigrated from Sindh and settled in Kutch and Kathiawar. While in Bharuch and Surat, a schism occurred among the Bohras, and a new community of Sunni Bohras was created. Another Muslim sect, the Mahdawi also settled in Gujarat, and led to the creation of the Tai community. In 1593, the Mughal Emperor Akbar conquered Gujarat, and incorporated Gujarat in the Mughal Empire. This period led to the settlement of the Mughal community. A good many Sayyid and Shaikh families also are said to arrived during the period of Mughal rule. With the establishment of the Sufi Suhrawardi and Chishti orders in Multan, Sind and Gujarat, pirs enjoyed state patronage. At the same time, the Muslims from various provinces such as Hyderabad Deccan, Kerala, Balochistan, Sindh, Punjab, Gujarat, Kashmir and other parts of South Asia also moved to capitals of Muslim empire in Delhi and Agra. After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, in 1707, Mughal rule began weaken after ruling for a century. Most of Gujarat fell to the Marathas, and this period saw the dispersal of further Pathan and Baluch, who came as mercenaries and were destroyed or defeated by the Marathas. Gujarat fell to British in the late 19th Century.〔Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey editor Richard V Weekes pages 294 to 297〕 Gujarati Muslim merchants played a historically important role in facilitating the Portuguese discovery of "the East Indies", in spreading and propagating Islam to the Far East, and in promoting the British discovery of Africa. In Southeast Asia, Malays referred to the Islamic elite among them by the noble title of adhirajas. Surti merchants in particular also pioneered the use of scientific concepts, and invented structural and mechanical advances in technology for the nationbuilding of Mauritius, such as introducing hydro-electric power to the people of Mauritius. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gujarati Muslims」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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